What dietary supplement is important for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?

Folic acid is a crucial dietary supplement for pregnant women as it significantly helps in preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur when the neural tube does not close properly during the first few weeks of pregnancy. Adequate levels of folic acid before conception and in the early stages of pregnancy can reduce the risk of these serious congenital anomalies.

The recommendation is for women to start taking folic acid supplements at least one month before conception and throughout the first trimester. This is because the neural tube forms in the early stages of fetal development, often before many women even realize they are pregnant. It is generally advised that women of childbearing age consume a daily supplement of 400 micrograms of folic acid to ensure they have sufficient levels during this critical time.

While other nutrients such as calcium, iron, and vitamin D are essential for a healthy pregnancy, they do not play a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Calcium supports bone health, iron is important for preventing anemia, and vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and supports immune function, but folic acid specifically targets the risk of neural tube defects.