What counseling should a nurse provide about substance use during pregnancy?

The recommendation for complete abstinence from drugs and alcohol during pregnancy is critical for ensuring the safety and health of the developing fetus. Exposure to substances such as alcohol and illicit drugs can lead to a range of serious complications, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental delays. These substances can alter fetal development at various stages, making it essential for pregnant individuals to avoid them entirely.

Abstaining from all potentially harmful substances minimizes risks and contributes to a healthier pregnancy outcome. It helps facilitate optimal growth and development of the fetus, preventing any chance of detrimental effects that may arise from even small exposures to drugs or alcohol. This counseling is vital as it raises awareness among expectant mothers about the significant impact that substance use can have on their baby's health. By promoting complete abstinence, nurses provide essential guidance to support informed decisions and a healthier pregnancy.