What are the risks associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy?

Maternal smoking during pregnancy poses significant risks to both the mother and fetus, which is why the correct answer highlights issues such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental issues. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to decreased oxygen supply and nutrient delivery to the developing baby, directly impacting growth and development.

Low birth weight is a critical concern, as infants born under this category are at a higher risk for various health complications, including increased susceptibility to infections, developmental delays, and chronic health conditions later in life. Preterm birth is another serious risk, as babies born prematurely can face challenges such as respiratory issues, difficulty in feeding, and long-term neurological complications.

Developmental issues are also a significant concern resulting from exposure to nicotine and other harmful substances in cigarettes. These can manifest as cognitive, behavioral, and physical development problems as the child grows, affecting lifelong outcomes.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the consequences of smoking during pregnancy. For example, maternal weight gain is typically not increased due to smoking; rather, it is often decreased. Higher levels of fetal movement are not a confirmed consequence of maternal smoking and may mislead individuals about fetal well-being. Lastly, smoking does not reduce the risk of gestational diabetes; in fact,